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Auto accidents or motor vehicle collisions may result in soft
tissue injuries. Extent of injury can depend on the collision
force, collision direction, vehicle mass, vehicle design,
vehicle safety design (seat belt, air bag, headrest) and the
human body itself. |
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Frontal collisions are the most fatal type of the
accidents, while the rear-end collision are responsible
for most soft tissue injuries. |
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There are two possible injury mechanisms that occur,
exactly at the same point during the whiplash:
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Muscle Injury
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Cervical Facet Injury
Reference:
Rauhala K, Oikarinen KS, Raustia AM. Role of
temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in facial pain:
occlusion, muscle and TMJ pain. The Journal of
Craniomandibular Practice9;17(4):254-261.
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A
single application of whiplash acceleration pulse can induce soft
tissue–related and ligament-related alterations to cervical spine
structures
Reference:
Yoganandan N, Cusick JF, Pintar FA, Rao RD. Whiplash injury
determination with conventional spine imaging and cryomicrotomy. Spine
2001;26(22):2443-2448 |
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Altered cervical spine structure may lead to decrease or reversal of
cervical curve and accelerate the degenerative process or osetoarthritis
in cervical spine. |
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93%
of whiplash patients improve with chiropractic care
Reference:
Khan S, Cook J, Gargan M, Bannister G. A symptomatic classification of
whiplash injury and the implications for treatment. [Abstract] World
Congress on Whiplash-Associated Disorders 1999;p. 238. |
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A
weight bearing (standing or sitting position) X-ray study of the neck
(cervical spine) can provide an objective measurement for cervical
curvature and the means to evaluate the extent or absence of spinal
decay or osteoarthritis
Spinal decay or osteoarthritis that is commonly referred as “arthritis”
is a contributing factor in progressive chronic neck pain. This
contributes to the progressive reduction of movement of the neck
(cervical ranges of motion) that can be measured objectively. . |
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Range of motion (ROM) of the cervical spine is an indispensable tool in
the diagnosis and assessment of whiplash-associated disorders (WAD)
Range of cervical motion was reduced in persons with persistent
whiplash-associated disorders
References:
1.
Dall’Alba PT, Sterling MM, Treleaven JM, et al. Cervical range of motion
discriminates between asymptomatic persons and those with whiplash.
Spine 2001;26(19):2090-2094.
2. Gargan M, Bannister G, Main C, et al. The behavioural response to
whiplash injury. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery [Br]
1997;79B:523-526.
3. Jordan A, Mehlsen J, Ostergaard K. A comparison of physical
characteristics between patients seeking treatment for neck pain and
age-matched healthy people. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological
Therapeutics 1997;20:468-475. |
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